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Paraguay 1856 2 Reales Tesoro Nacional Treasury Note, earliest national paper money of Paraguay, signed by Matias Reina and Santiago Ozcariz, Pick Unlisted and attributed as Miguel Pratt MC14.

Paraguay 1856 - Tesoro Nacional 2 Reales Treasury Note, Earliest National Paper Money (Pick Unlisted, Miguel Pratt MC14)

The note was printed locally in Asuncion on thin handmade paper at a time when Paraguay still lacked the industrial printing infrastructure available to larger South American economies. Its design is direct, primitive, and historically powerful: the national seal with the lion and liberty cap occupies the central field, ornamental borders frame the obligation, and the denomination appears in large numerals at each side. The reverse is blank, consistent with the earliest local production method before more developed dual-side printing and imported paper became part of later Paraguayan note production. Read more →

thin handmade paper
ParaguayTreasury Note18562 RealesUncertified Very Fine Original, Blank Reverse 2 RealesTreasury NoteTesoro Nacional Treasury NoteEarliest National Paper MoneyFirst IssueHandsignedBlank ReversePrimitive LithographyThin Handmade PaperTesoro NacionalCarlos Antonio LopezMatias ReinaSantiago OzcarizAsuncion PrintingParaguayan Monetary OriginsEarly National PaperSouth American Fiscal HistoryWar of the Triple AllianceHistoryParaguay1856Pick UnlistedMiguel Pratt MC14R10 UniqueR10Unique Known ExampleMuseum Grade
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Edo-period Japanese 5 Momme Silver hansatsu printed by woodblock on handmade washi paper, showing vertical kanji inscriptions, circular and boxed validation seals, an oil merchant seal, and a reverse design with Daikokuten, rice bale symbolism, and ornamental wave-pattern security carving.

Japan 1800 - Edo Period 5 Momme Silver Hansatsu with Daikokuten Reverse and Oil Merchant Validation Seal Woodblock Printed on Handmade Washi Paper

This Edo-period hansatsu is a striking survivor from the decentralized monetary world of Tokugawa Japan, when paper currency was not yet a national system but a local instrument of trust, exchange, and authority. Printed by hand-carved woodblock on handmade washi paper, the note belongs to the long, narrow format associated with feudal domain and regional exchange issues. These notes circulated within local commercial systems, where value was understood through seals, inscriptions, redemption practice, and the reputation of the issuing authority rather than through modern banknote conventions.

Regional Paper Money Handmade Washi Paper Asian Paper Money
Portugal 1799 Real Erario 20000 reis apólice issued in Lisboa, serial number 37723 in red, blind embossed seal on the face, no red overprint present, with multiple official ink seals on the reverse

Portugal 1799 - Real Erario 20000 Reis Apólice, Original Issue, No Overprint, Lisboa No. 37723

The apolices were printed by intaglio, with most production carried out at the Mint using paper supplied by the Alenquer paper factory. Notes were cut from sheets with a counterfoil retained in the register. The serial number linked each issued piece to its corresponding record, providing a means of comparison and control. The 1797-1799 issue generally used laid paper, whose visible lines came from the handmade papermaking process. Watermarks could identify the paper mill that made a sheet.

Royal Era Fiscal Paper Circulating Treasury Paper Fiduciary Paper Money Early Portuguese Paper Money Portuguese Paper Money Early Paper Currency State Debt Paper Government Paper Money 18th Century Paper Money Early Government Paper
Paraguay 1907 Banco de la República 5 Pesos with 1912 dual-side state and Treasury revalidation overprint, Pick Unlisted, base Pick 156, showing Emisión del Estado on the face and Departamento de Hacienda Junta Fiscalizadora Cincuenta Centavos Oro Sellado validation on the reverse, printed by Waterlow & Sons, London, raw uncirculated

Paraguay 1907 - Banco de la República 5 Pesos with 1912 Dual-Side State and Treasury Revalidation Overprint (Pick Unlisted, Base Pick 156)

Within the 5 Pesos trio of 1907 issued Pick 156, 1912 single-side state overprint Pick 127, and this 1912 dual-side state and Treasury revalidation variety, this note represents the highest visible administrative tier. The issued Pick 156 note shows the original Banco de la República obligation. The single-side Pick 127 overprint shows the state assuming and validating the old stock. This dual-side Pick Unlisted overprint shows the additional Treasury and Junta Fiscalizadora layer, tying the note back to the official “Cincuenta Centavos Oro Sellado” value clause. For the study of Paraguayan provisional paper money, it is the most complete and historically revealing form of the type.

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