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Complete nine-note Stockholm Spinnhus pollett monetary system from circa 1785, including all denominations from one half öre to one daler, preserved in unissued condition and classified as R10 extremely rare.

Sweden 1785 - Stockholm Spinnhus Pollett System – Complete Nine-Denomination Institutional Currency Set (One Half Öre to One Daler)

The monetary system consists of nine denominations: one half öre, one öre, two öre, five öre, six öre, seven öre, sixteen öre, twenty-four öre and one daler. Each note was engraved with a distinct ornamental frame and printed anopisthographically on eighteenth-century Swedish rag paper. All examples remain unissued and uncirculated, with several retaining archival tape residue from long-term institutional storage. Individual denominations are exceptionally rare, and the higher values-particularly seven öre, sixteen öre, twenty-four öre and one daler-are almost never encountered in private collections. Read more →

SwedenInstitutional Paper Currency Set1785Complete nine-note system: one half öre, one öre, two öre, five öre, six öre, seven öre, sixteen öre, twenty-four öre, one dalerUncirculated PollettInstitutional paper currencyEngraved copperplate noteEighteenth century rag paperAnopisthographic printingUnissuedUncirculatedStockholm engravingSwedish copperplate productionPre-industrial note manufactureStockholm SpinnhusLångholmen prison economyPenal labor currencyClosed economy tenderProto-fiat institutional moneyInternal monetary systemSweden1785One half öreOne öreTwo öreFive öreSix öreSeven öreSixteen öreTwenty-four öreOne dalerFull denomination setPick UnlistedR10 UniqueR10UniqueUnique Known ExampleUnique Set
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Italy 1871–1872 Banca Italo-Germanica 250 Lire specimen, Pick S976s, Bradbury Wilkinson & Co., PMG 64 Top Pop

Italy 1871–1872 - Banca Italo-Germanica 250 Lire Specimen (Pick S976s)

However, reality diverged quickly from ambition. Regulatory barriers, political infighting, and a series of financial scandals undermined the feasibility of private note-issuing schemes. The Banca Italo-Germanica’s plans appear to have stalled almost immediately, with scarce evidence that more than a handful of specimen or proof notes were ever produced. There is no surviving archival footprint indicating any issued circulation, and researchers today rely almost entirely on these few surviving specimens to reconstruct the history of the bank’s brief existence. Read more →

ItalySpecimen1871250 LirePMG 64 (Top Pop) Private BankOversizedSpecimenDouble Punch HolePunch Cancelled250 LireEngraved Security PaperProof and Archive PieceBradbury WilkinsonBWCPick S976sItalian StatesPost Unification ItalyItalian Banking HistoryFailed Banknote IssuesGerman Capital in Italy19th Century FinanceNational AllegorySecurity Printing HistoryRome Banking ExperimentsUnissued Banknote ProjectItaly1871PMG 64Top PopR9 Extremely RareUniqueMuseum Grade
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Specimen full sheet Serie A No. 23327 Banco de Zaragoza 100 reales vellón with header and talón, Pick S451s, 1 May 1857

Spain 1857 - Banco de Zaragoza 100 Reales Vellón Serie A Specimen Full Sheet with Header and Talón No. 23327 (Pick S451s)

This specimen forms a matched pair with the issued Serie A banknote No. 23322 (Pick S451b) also held in the collection (see item 'spain-1857-banco-de-zaragoza-100-reales-serie-a-23322-issued-note'), together documenting both the specimen and circulation forms of the 1857 Zaragoza emission. Read more →

SpainSpecimen Full Sheet with Talon1857100 Reales VellónUncirculated (Specimen Full Sheet) SpecimenPick S451sFull SheetHeader PanelTalonUnissuedSerie ASerial 23327100 RealesBanco de ZaragozaSpanish Provincial IssuePrivate Banknote19th Century SpainReales VellonMadrid EngravingMonetary HistorySecurity PrintingSpain1857R8 Extremely RareMuseum Grade
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Specimen full sheet Banco de Zaragoza 200 reales vellón, Serie B No. 07887, with header and talón, Pick S452s, 14 May 1857

Spain 1857 - Banco de Zaragoza 200 Reales Vellón Serie B Specimen Full Sheet with Header and Talón No. 07887 (Pick S452s)

A full-sheet specimen of the Banco de Zaragoza 200 reales vellón dated 14 May 1857, Serie B, serial number 07887, classified as Pick S452s. This complete production sheet preserves the entire printing layout: the upper header panel used for alignment and plate control, the left talón for internal audit numbering, and the full banknote plate. Full-sheet specimens from Spanish provincial banks in the 1850s are exceptionally rare, and survivals with both header and talón intact are almost unknown. Read more →

SpainSpecimen Full Sheet with Talon1857200 Reales VellónUncirculated (Specimen Full Sheet) SpecimenPick S452sFull SheetHeader PanelTalonUnissuedSerie BSerial 07887200 RealesBanco de ZaragozaSpanish Provincial IssuePrivate Banknote19th Century SpainReales VellonMadrid EngravingSecurity PrintingMonetary HistorySpain1857R8 Extremely RareMuseum Grade
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Specimen full sheet Banco de Zaragoza 500 reales vellón, Serie C No. 08703, with header and talón, Pick S453s, 14 May 1857

Spain 1857 - Banco de Zaragoza 500 Reales Vellón Serie C Specimen Full Sheet with Header and Talón No. 08703 (Pick S453s)

Pick S453s designates the specimen variety for this denomination, separate from the issued form (S453a) and from any remainder material. The engraving reflects the Madrid-school aesthetic: a detailed Spanish coat of arms, complex acanthus ornamentation, and the formal promise text payable in Zaragoza. The talón repeats the number 08703, confirming internal pairing typical of 19th-century Spanish emission control. Read more →

SpainSpecimen Full Sheet with Talon1857500 Reales VellónUncirculated (Specimen Full Sheet) SpecimenPick S453sFull SheetHeader PanelTalonUnissuedSerie CSerial 08703500 RealesBanco de ZaragozaSpanish Provincial IssuePrivate Banknote19th Century SpainReales VellonMadrid EngravingSecurity PrintingMonetary HistorySpain1857R8 Extremely RareMuseum Grade
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Poland 1936 50 Zlotych Jan Henryk Dabrowski, Pick 78a, PMG 55 EPQ

Poland 1936 - 50 Zlotych Jan Henryk Dąbrowski (Pick 78a, Miłczak 77a–b)

The choice of date was deliberate. Issued on Independence Day, the note was designed to function not merely as currency but as a visual declaration of sovereignty. The obverse portrait depicts General Dąbrowski (1755–1818), founder of the Polish Legions in Italy and a central figure of Polish national memory, immortalized in the opening lines of the national anthem. His inclusion placed the banknote firmly within a narrative of military tradition, civic duty, and national perseverance. Read more →

PolandUnissued Note193650 ZlotychPMG 55 EPQ About Uncirculated Unissued Note50 ZlotychJan Henryk DabrowskiBank PolskiPaństwowa Wytwórnia Papierów Wartościowych in WarsawPolish Interwar CurrencySecond Polish RepublicNational IconographySteel EngravingPortrait WatermarkPoland1936PMG 55 EPQMuseum GradeR7 Extremely Rare
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Mauritius 1843 Mauritius Commercial Bank 10 Dollars / 2 Pounds Sterling Remainder, PMG 50 NET

Mauritius 1843 - Mauritius Commercial Bank 10 Dollars / 2 Pounds Sterling Remainder (Pick S122r)

Unissued remainder from the earliest Mauritius Commercial Bank dual-currency series, printed by Myers Frs. & Co., London. Read more →

MauritiusRemainder184310 Dollars / 2 Pounds SterlingPMG 50 NET (Ink Burn) Remainder10 Dollars2 PoundsDual-CurrencyColonial CurrencyMyers Frs & CoEngraved Security PrintingInk BurnMauritius Commercial BankEarly Mauritius BankingColonial Banking HistoryPrivate Banknote EraPort Louis Harbor VignetteBritish Colonial Finance1840s Currency Reform19th Century BanknotesMauritiusPort Louis1843PMG 50Museum GradeR6 Extremely RareAnnotationsHandwritten Annotations
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Poland 1936 50 Zlotych Progressive Proof reverse, Pick 78pp2, PMG 66 EPQ Top Pop

Poland 1936 - 50 Zlotych Reverse Progressive Proof (Pick 78pp2)

Progressive proof of the reverse design for the unissued 1936 50 Zlotych - one of the most advanced and visually ambitious notes ever conceived by the Second Polish Republic. Printed by the Państwowa Wytwórnia Papierów Wartościowych (PWPW) in Warsaw, this sheet captures a transitional stage in the birth of a masterpiece. Read more →

PolandProgressive Proof193650 ZlotychPMG 66 EPQ Gem Uncirculated (Top Pop) DabrowskiBank PolskibanknotPolskaPolandMilczakzlotymiedzywojenny50 zlotychPMG 66 EPQPMGII RPTop PopPick 78pp2Interwar Rarity1936PWPWR7 Extremely RareMuseum GradeProgressive Proof
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Barbados 1943 Government of Barbados 100 Dollars unissued banknote design, front and back archival photographs, PMG 65 Gem Uncirculated

Barbados 1943 - Government of Barbados 100 Dollars, Front and Back Archival Photograph

This item consists of a matched pair of archival photographic prints documenting the front and back designs of an unissued 100 Dollars banknote for Barbados, dated 1943 and produced under British colonial administration. The photographs record a complete banknote design that did not proceed to production or circulation and survive as internal visual documentation rather than monetary instruments. Read more →

BarbadosArchival Photograph1943100 DollarsPMG 65 Gem Uncirculated Archival PhotographUnissued Banknote DesignPick Unlisted100 DollarsGovernment of BarbadosBritish Colonial AdministrationKing George VIBradbury WilkinsonBWCDesign of Pick 6PMG 65Wartime Currency DesignCaribbean Monetary HistoryBritish West IndiesSecurity Printing HistoryPublic Finance HistoryBarbados1943Museum GradeR9 Extremely Rare
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Luxembourg 1982 1000 Francs specimen serial A000000 094 with red diagonal SPECIMEN overprint and two punch holes, Pick 52bs, PMG 67 EPQ Superb Gem Uncirculated

Luxembourg 1982 - 1000 Francs Specimen Grand Duchess Charlotte (Pick 52bs)

Graded PMG 67 EPQ Superb Gem Uncirculated, this example stands as Top Population, with no higher-graded examples recorded. The combination of elite condition, top denomination status, and its role within an unissued national series elevates it from a specimen into a defining reference piece of Luxembourg’s late twentieth-century monetary history. Read more →

LuxembourgSpecimen19821000 FrancsPMG 67 EPQ Superb Gem Uncirculated Specimen1000 FrancsRed SPECIMEN overprintDiagonal SPECIMENTwo Punch HolesPunch CancelledA000000 094Specimen Serial FormatGrand Duchess CharlotteLuxembourg banknote designIntaglio engravingGuilloche security patternBradbury WilkinsonBWCLuxembourg monetary systemBelgian Luxembourg Economic UnionUnissued contingency issueHistoryLuxembourg1982Pick 52bsPick 52bPMG 67 EPQSuperb Gem UncirculatedTop PopMuseum Grade
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Luxembourg 1982 1000 Francs color trial specimen serial A000000 13 with red diagonal SPECIMEN overprint and single punch hole, Pick 52bcts, PMG 66 EPQ Gem Uncirculated

Luxembourg 1982 - 1000 Francs Color Trial Specimen Grand Duchess Charlotte (Pick 52bcts)

The broader context of the issue lies in Luxembourg’s contingency planning during instability within the Belgian Luxembourg Economic Union. The 1000 Francs formed the apex of a prepared but unissued national series, intended to guarantee monetary independence if required. Color trials such as this represent an earlier stage than standard specimens, capturing the moment where design was still being actively tuned rather than finalized. Read more →

LuxembourgColor Trial Specimen19821000 FrancsPMG 66 EPQ Gem Uncirculated Color Trial SpecimenColor Trial1000 FrancsRed SPECIMEN overprintDiagonal SPECIMENSingle Punch HolePunch CancelledA000000 13Specimen Serial FormatGrand Duchess CharlotteLuxembourg banknote designIntaglio engravingColor variation testingGuilloche security patternBradbury WilkinsonBWCLuxembourg monetary systemBelgian Luxembourg Economic UnionUnissued contingency issueHistoryLuxembourg1982Pick 52bctsPick 52bPMG 66 EPQGem UncirculatedMuseum Grade
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Luxembourg 1982 1000 Francs proof with no overprint or serials, Pick 52bp, PMG 55 EPQ About Uncirculated, Top Pop 1 of 1

Luxembourg 1982 - 1000 Francs Proof Grand Duchess Charlotte (Pick 52bp)

Graded PMG 55 EPQ About Uncirculated, this example is Top Population 1 of 1, with no other graded examples recorded. As the sole certified proof of the highest denomination in an unissued national series, it represents a unique reference point within Luxembourg’s modern monetary history. Read more →

LuxembourgProof19821000 FrancsPMG 55 EPQ About Uncirculated Proof1000 FrancsTop Pop 1 of 1Top PopUnique Graded ExampleHighest DenominationGrand Duchess CharlotteLuxembourg banknote designIntaglio engravingGuilloche security patternBradbury WilkinsonBWCLuxembourg monetary systemBelgian Luxembourg Economic UnionUnissued contingency issueProduction reference stageHistoryLuxembourg1982Pick 52bpPick 52bPMG 55 EPQAbout UncirculatedMuseum GradeR9 Extremely Rare
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