Collection PL

Portugal 1799 - Real Erario 20000 Reis Apólice, Original Issue, No Overprint, Lisboa No. 37723

This example belongs to the original issue phase of Portuguese treasury apolices and predates the period commonly associated with the War of the Brothers. It was produced under stable royal administration as part of the established pre-war fiscal system. That context is important: later conflict-period instruments frequently show different validation practices, heavier fiscal markings, and systematic overprinting linked to wartime controls. Read more →

United States 1934A - 10 Dollars North Africa Silver Certificate (Friedberg 2309), PCGS 35 Very Fine

The Series 1934A 10 Dollars North Africa Silver Certificate, cataloged as Friedberg 2309, belongs to the distinctive emergency issues produced during the Second World War. Commonly known as the 'North Africa' notes, these certificates were printed with a yellow Treasury seal rather than the standard blue seal of Silver Certificates. The color modification was deliberate - a wartime security measure designed so that, if large quantities were captured by enemy forces, they could be immediately declared invalid. Read more →

Confederate States of America 1864 - CSA No Denomination Archival Watermarked Paper

This archival sheet represents original Confederate paper bearing the large embedded 'CSA' watermark, visible under transmitted light. The watermark was introduced as a security measure in the Confederacy’s later issues, particularly during 1864 production, as counterfeiting became increasingly widespread under wartime conditions. Read more →

Poland 1941 - 1 Zloty Bank Emisyjny w Polsce State Note BD3580426 (Pick 99)

The BD prefix belongs to the Miłczak 99b variety. Miłczak identifies this variety as the Warsaw printing produced by Staatsdruckerei und Münze in the former facilities of Polska Wytwórnia Papierów Wartościowych S.A. The plant, equipment, and established security-printing infrastructure of the former PWPW works continued to be used under the wartime administrative structure. Read more →

Poland 1941 - 1 Zloty Bank Emisyjny w Polsce Uncut Sheet of 3 Notes (Pick 99b)

Miłczak identifies the 99b variety as the Warsaw printing produced by Staatsdruckerei und Münze in the former facilities of Polska Wytwórnia Papierów Wartościowych S.A. The sheet preserves material evidence of the production methods used at the former PWPW security-printing works under the wartime administrative structure, including numbering, registration, spacing, control markings, paper, and typographic printing. Read more →